Eni’s business model

Eni’s business model targets long-term value creation by delivering on profitability and growth, improving efficiency and mitigating risks, taking into account the interests of all the stakeholders.

The main capitals used by Eni (financial capital, manufacture capital, intellectual capital, natural capital, human capital, social and relationship capital) are classified in accordance with the criteria included in the “International IR Framework” published by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). Our 2013 robust financial results and sustainability performance rely on the responsible and efficient use of our capitals which resulted in operational excellence, asset integrity, handling of operational risk, preservation of health, safety and the environment.

integrated risk management

Integrated risk management model across our businesses

governance

Framework of stringent and clear rules of governance

strategic guidelines

What are the strategic guidelines to use and develop our assets?

  • profitable growth
  • strict capex discipline
  • focus on core areas
  • partnerships with NOCs
  • reduction of time to market
  • operatorship
  • gas supply contracts renegotiation
  • leadership in the european gas market
  • capacity reduction in commodity businesses
  • leveraging on asset flexibility
  • focus on customers and premium⁄niche segments

assets

What distintive assets for delivering Sustainable Value?

  • solid resource base
  • giant projects
  • high potential exploration portfolio
  • low cost position
  • diversifed gas supply portfolio
  • large and international customer base
  • plant effciency
  • eni brand

drivers

What principles for delivering Sustainable Value?

  • cooperation for host countries’ development
  • integration all along the energy supply chain
  • excellence in conducting our operations
  • innovation in developing competitive solutions
  • inclusiveness of eni’s people and diversity promotion
  • responsibility in managing the business

financial capital

stock of capital

  • Financial structure
  • Liquidity reserves

value creation for Eni

  • Going concern
  • Lower cost of capital
  • Reduction of working capital
  • Leverage optimization
  • M&A opportunities
  • Mitigation of market volatility
  • Credit worthiness

Eni’s main actions

  • Cash flow from operations
  • Bank loans
  • Bonds
  • Maintaining strategic liquidity
  • Hedging
  • Dividends
  • Buyback
  • Working capital optimization

value creation for Eni’s stakeholders

  • Yields
  • Share price appreciation
  • Social and economical growth
  • Satellite activities

manufacture capital

stock of capital

  • Onshore and offshore plants
  • Pipelines and storage plants
  • Liquefaction plants
  • Refineries
  • Distribution networks
  • Power plants
  • Chemical plants
  • Buildings and other equipment

value creation for Eni

  • Returns
  • Enlarging asset portfolio
  • Increase assets value
  • Reduction of operational risk
  • Energy and operational efficiency
  • Reputation

Eni’s main actions

  • Technological upgrade
  • Process upgrade
  • Investment in new businesses (bio-refinery, Green chemistry, car sharing)
  • Maintenance and development activities
  • Increase environment Certifications (ISO 14001, ISO 50001, EMAS etc.)

value creation for Eni’s stakeholders

  • Availability of energy sources and green products
  • Employment
  • Satellite activities
  • Reduction of direct GHG emissions and responsible use of resources

intellectual capital

stock of capital

  • Technologies and intellectual property
  • Corporate internal procedures
  • Corporate governance system
  • Integrated risk management
  • Management and control systems
  • Knowledge management
  • ICT (Green Data Center)

value creation for Eni

  • Competitive advantage
  • Risk mitigation
  • Transparency
  • Performance
  • Licence to operate
  • Stakeholders’ acceptability

Eni’s main actions

  • Research and development expenditures
  • Partnership with centres of excellence
  • Development of proprietary technologies and patents
  • Application of procedures and systems
  • Audit

value creation for Eni’s stakeholders

  • Reduction of environmental and social impacts
  • Transfer of best available technologies and know-how to host Countries
  • Contributing to the fight against corruption
  • Green products

human capital

stock of capital

  • Health and safety of people
  • Know-how and skills
  • Experience
  • Engagement
  • Diversity (gender, seniority, geographical)
  • Eni’s thinking

value creation for Eni

  • Performance
  • Efficiency
  • Competitiveness
  • Innovation
  • Risk mitigation
  • Reputation
  • Talent attraction

Eni’s main actions

  • Safety at work
  • Recruiting, education and training on the job
  • Promotion of human rights
  • Eni’s people engagement
  • Knowledge management
  • Welfare
  • Leveraging on diversity
  • Enhancing individual talents and remuneration in accordance to a merit system

value creation for Eni’s stakeholders

  • Create employment and preserve jobs
  • Wellness of Eni’s people and local communities
  • Increase and transfer know-how

social and relationship capital

stock of capital

  • Relationship with stakeholders (institutions, governments, communities, associations, customers, suppliers, industrial partners, NGO, universities, trade unions)
  • Eni’s brand

value creation for Eni

  • Operational & social licence
  • Reduction of Time to market
  • Country risk reduction
  • Market share
  • Alignment to international best practices
  • Reputation
  • Competitive advantage
  • Suppliers reliability
  • Customers retention

Eni’s main actions

  • Stakeholders’ Engagement
  • MoU with Governments and local authorities
  • Projects for local development and Local content
  • Strategic partnerships
  • Involvement in international panel discussion
  • Development of programmes on research and training
  • Partnerships with trade unions
  • Quality of services rendered
  • Brand management

value creation for Eni’s stakeholders

  • Local socio-economical development
  • Customers and suppliers satisfaction
  • Share of expertise with territories and communities
  • Satisfaction and incentive of people
  • Promoting respect for workers’ rights

natural capital

stock of capital

  • Oil and gas reserves
  • Water
  • Biodiversity and ecosystems
  • Air
  • Soil

value creation for Eni

  • Hydrocarbon reserves growth
  • Opex reduction
  • Mitigation of operational risk (asset integrity)
  • Reputation
  • Licence to operate
  • Stakeholders’ recognition

Eni’s main actions

  • Exploration, production, transporting, refining and distributing, hydrocarbons
  • Investment in new businesses (bio-refinery, Green chemistry, car sharing)
  • Investment in technological and process upgrade
  • Remediation activities

value creation for Eni’s stakeholders

  • Reduction of gas flared
  • Reduction of oil spills and blowout
  • Preservation of biodiversity
  • Green products
  • Containment of water consumption (reinjection and water reuse)
  • Energy efficiency

These results are based on the great attention paid to the specific features of the Countries where Eni operates and thus on cooperation for their development. Starting from an assessment of their potential Eni promotes partnerships providing local people new opportunities for growth and development. This is a competitive lever in the Countries where Eni’s experience is more recent but also in more established areas. In each one of them, our objective is to create high quality jobs targeted at local resources on an equal opportunity basis.

The culture of plurality is a distinctive feature of Eni’s strongly internationally oriented business model.

The inclusion of all Eni’s people with their diversity merges with the protection of health and safety on the workplace, with the professional development and engagement in the company’s objectives. Eni guarantees equal treatment to all its people defining worldwide remuneration policies and committing itself and its suppliers to the respect of the basic workers’ rights in all the Countries of operation.

Responsibility is assumed as commitment to transparency and anticorruption practices while respecting human rights in all areas and promoting the development of Countries and their society. In deploying its activities, Eni activates a flow of resources that can be crucial for economic growth. Only a strict discipline of integrity and promotion of transparency, in particular as concerns payments to producing Countries can protect from corruption and build the basis for a proper use of these resources aimed at sustainable development.

Our way of doing business is based on operating excellence that leverages on best practices, quality systems, advanced and high quality technologies to guarantee full respect of communities and their environment. A safe management of plants and the mitigation of risks represent a prerequisite for a proper environmental management and for the reduction of environmental impacts.

The exploration of frontier areas and Asian territories that are considered difficult and environmentally sensitive are the result not only of Eni’s drive to development while applying new technologies but also of a responsible and sustainable corporate strategy.

Eni’s presence worldwide in the most sensitive areas was made possible by technological innovation and the application of advanced methodologies that allow work also in harsh contexts guaranteeing the protection of the environments and the conservation of sensitive ecosystems and biodiversity.

Lastly, as an integrated energy company, Eni works alongside governments of producing Countries in planning and designing solutions for the development of local energy systems, cooperating with national companies in the development of energy sources and building infrastructure for their use and monetization. One of the main actions performed concerns the fight against energy poverty in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa with the support of the development of local technologies and the reduction of waste where infrastructure already exists.

Eni has in fact started a new path of evolution and relaunch of its chemical and refining activities directing its focus on the so called green chemistry and bio-refining.

The table below describes the main results associated to each capital. For detailed information and results from the use of financial and manufacture capitals, see the Consolidated Sustainability Statements and the Financial Review of the 2013 Annual Report.

human capital

human capital

Safety

 

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Injury frequency rate

(number of accidents per million of worked hours)

0.92

0.75

0.60

0.49

0.35

- employees

 

0.84

0.80

0.65

0.57

0.40

- contractors

 

0.97

0.71

0.57

0.45

0.32

Fatality index

(fatal injuries/one hundred millions of worked hours)

1.20

4.77

1.94

1.10

0.98

- employees

 

0.89

6.66

1.19

0.87

1.74

- contractors

 

1.40

3.55

2.38

1.23

0.53

Safety expenditure and investments

(€ million)

488

260

320

371

409

Professional illnesses reported

(number)

123

184

135

69

68

Health and hygiene expenditure and investments

(€ million)

78

55

79

48

51

Employees

 

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employees as of December 31

(number)

71,461

73,768

72,574

77,838

82,289

- men

 

59,506

61,607

60,032

64,978

68,688

- women

 

11,955

12,161

12,542

12,860

13,601

Employees abroad by type

 

42,633

45,967

45,516

51,034

55,507

- locals

 

33,483

35,835

34,801

39,668

43,121

- Italian expatriates

 

2,771

3,123

3,208

3,867

3,955

- International expatriates (including TCN)

 

6,379

7,009

7,507

7,499

8,431

Senior Managers employed

 

1,437

1,454

1,468

1,474

1,475

- of which women

 

141

147

152

159

160

Managers/Supervisors employed

 

12,395

12,837

12,754

13,199

13,637

- of which women

 

2,258

2,421

2,477

2,615

2,767

Employees

 

33,931

34,599

36,019

38,497

39,943

- of which women

 

9,171

9,040

9,394

9,777

10,310

Workers employed

 

23,698

24,878

22,333

24,668

27,234

- of which women

 

385

553

519

309

364

Local employees abroad by professional category

 

33,483

35,835

34,801

39,668

43,121

- of which senior managers

 

224

228

228

223

216

- of which managers/supervisors

 

3,138

3,461

3,476

3,798

4,001

- of which employees

 

15,533

16,269

17,529

19,683

20,522

- of which workers

 

14,588

15,877

13,568

15,964

18,382

Training hours

(thousand hours)

2,930

2,949

3,127

3,132

4,350

social and relationship capital

Spending for the territory

(€ million)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total spending for the territory

 

98

107

101

91

101

- of which interventions on the territories from agreements, conventions and PSA

 

70

75

69

63

58

- of which short-term investments linked to initiatives in favour of the territories

 

1

4

1

3

1

- of which association memberships fees

 

1

2

2

2

2

- of which contributions to the Eni Foundation

 

5

5

3

-

10

- of which sponsorships for the territory

 

16

17

22

19

26

- of which contributions to the Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation

 

4

4

4

4

4

Procurement by geographical area 2013

Africa

Americas

Asia

Italy

Rest of Europe

Oceania

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of suppliers

(number)

7,105

6,116

5,246

9,980

9,940

520

Total procurement

(€ million)

8,434

2,871

5,036

10,714

5,340

419

- in goods

(%)

17.5

24.2

16.2

11.2

17.9

10.3

- in works

 

16.3

26.3

21.5

12.4

26.1

1.0

- in services

 

60.8

47.8

49.2

73.1

53.7

88.2

- of which unidentifiable

 

5.4

1.7

13.1

3.3

2.3

0.5

Local procurement 2013 by Country

 

 

% procurement on local market

Countries

 

 

0 - 25 %

UAE, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mozambique, Peru, Portugal.

26 -49 %

Angola, China, Germany, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Norway, Republic Czech, Slovenia.

50 - 74 %

Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Republic of Congo, Croatia, Egypt, France, Ghana, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Singapore, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Hungary.

75 - 100 %

Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, United States, Ukraine, Venezuela, Vietnam.

Relations with suppliers

 

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procurement by macro-class

(€ million)

33,084

31,187

32,586

31,811

32,814

Supplier concentration top 20

(%)

24

18

20

15

17

Suppliers

(number)

33,447

32,601

31,878

32,621

34,848

Qualification cycles carried out during the year

 

21,066

32,962

26,936

31,991

46,913

Suppliers subjected to qualification procedures including screening on human rights

 

7,798

10,096

11,471

12,471

14,833

% procurement from suppliers subjected to qualification procedures including screening on human rights

(%)

87

85

90

88

87

Relations with customers

 

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(a)

The panel analysed refers to companies representing more than 50% of the market with more than 50,000 customers (Source: AEEG survey – carried out on the first half of 2013 – relating to the quality of telephone services of providers of electricity and gas).

(b)

The customer satisfaction score for 2013 relates to the first six months as at the date of publication of this document the Authority for Electricity and Gas had not yet published the data for the second half of the year.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R&M Customer satisfaction

 

 

 

 

 

 

Customer satisfaction index

(likert scale)

7.93

7.84

7.74

7.90

8.10

Customers involved in the satisfaction survey (R&M)

(number)

10,711

30,618

30,524

30,438

29,863

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

G&P Customer satisfaction

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eni customer satisfaction score

(%)

83.7

87.4

88.6

89.7

90.4 (b)

Panel Average (G&P) (a)

 

87.0

87.4

88.9

91.2

93.1

natural capital

natural capital

Environmental performance

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(a)

Since 2012, the amount includes the contribution of production water injected into deep wells for disposal purposes.

(b)

Data until 2011 include oil spills which are less than a barrel.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Direct GHG emissions

(tons CO2eq)

55,494,551

58,259,157

49,128,806

52,498,789

47,299,030

- of which CO2 from combustion and process

(tons)

35,788,121

37,948,625

35,319,845

36,365,220

34.171.33

- of which CO2 equivalents from flaring

(tons CO2eq)

13,839,353

13,834,988

9,553,894

9,461,518

8,478,376

- of which CO2 equivalents from CH4 (methane)

 

3,684,874

4,135,523

3,222,051

4,475,756

2,901,503

- of which CO2 equivalents from venting

 

2,182,202

2,340,021

1,033,017

2,196,295

1,747,812

CO2eq emissions/ 100% net operated hydrocarbon production

(tons CO2eq/ toe)

0.235

0.235

0.206

0.226

0.222

CO2eq emissions/ kWheq (EniPower)

(kg CO2eq/ kWheq)

0.410

0.407

0.404

0.399

0.407

CO2eq emissions/ uEDC (R&M)

(tons CO2eq/ kbbl/SD)

1,240

1,284

1,231

1,143

1,049

NOx (nitrogen oxide) emissions

(tons NO2eq)

110,910

106,040

97,114

115,571

102,295

SOx (sulphur oxide) emissions

(tons SO2eq)

45,985

50,085

37,943

30,137

27,949

NMVOC (Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions

(tons)

75,318

68,490

46,228

48,702

43,536

TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) emissions

 

3,936

3,783

3,297

3,548

2,848

Energy consumption from production activities/100% operated hydro­carbon gross production (E&P)

(GJ/toe)

 

 

1,615

1,557

1,536

Total water withdrawals

(mmcm)

2,839.97

2,786.78

2,577.98

2,359.21

2,206.36

Total production and/or process water extracted (a)

 

59.67

61.15

58.16

61.17

61.32

- of which re-injected

 

23.32

27.11

25.18

20.82

20.23

Total recycled and/or reused water

 

490.22

544.63

519.43

519.93

735.89

Total number of oil spills (>1 barile) (b)

(number)

308

330

418

329

386

Total volume of oil spills (>1 barile) (b)

(barrels)

21,547

22,964

14,952

12,428

7,903

- of which from sabotage and terrorism

 

15,288

18,695

7,657

8,669

6,002

- of which due to operations

 

6,259

4,269

7,295

3,759

1,901

Waste from production activities

(tons)

1,078,839

1,400,488

1,309,135

1,378,385

1,599,931

Hazardous waste from production activities

 

418,120

489,108

476,552

365,695

374,412

Non hazardous waste from production activities

 

660,719

911,380

832,582

1,012,690

1,225,519

Environmental expenditure and investments

(€ million)

1,231

916

893

743

711

intellectual capital

intellectual capital

Technological innovation

 

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R&D expenditure

(€ million)

287

275

246

263

218

- R&D expenditure net of general and administrative costs

 

233

218

190

211

197

Personnel employed in R&D activities (full time equivalent)

(number)

1,019

1,019

925

975

986

Existing patents

 

7,751

7,998

8,884

8,931

9,427

Knowledge management

(number)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Knowledge community/network by application sector

 

44

53

58

63

65

- business

 

38

48

53

53

55

- transversal

 

6

5

5

10

10

Participants in knowledge community/ network by application sector

 

1,827

2,624

3,634

4,732

5,676

- business

 

1,601

2,385

3,376

4,098

4,909

- transversal

 

226

239

258

634

767